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American software entrepreneur, Twitter co-founder

Jack Dorsey

Jack Dorsey 2014 (cropped).jpg

Dorsey in 2014

Born

Jack Patrick Dorsey


(1976-11-19) November xix, 1976 (historic period 46)

St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.

Occupations
  • Developer
  • Internet entrepreneur
Known for Co-founding Twitter, Inc., Block, Inc., and Bluesky Social
Board member of
  • Block, Inc.[ane]
  • Berggruen Institute's Governance Center[2]
  • Bluesky, PBLLC[iii]

Jack Patrick Dorsey (built-in November 19, 1976)[4] is an American Internet entrepreneur, philanthropist, and developer who is a co-founder and former CEO of Twitter, Inc., as well every bit co-founder, principal executive officer and chairperson[five] of Block, Inc., the programmer of the Foursquare fiscal services platform. He is besides a co-founder of Bluesky, PBLLC, where he currently sits on the board of directors, with Jay Graber serving every bit CEO.[half-dozen]

Early on life [edit]

Dorsey was built-in and raised in St. Louis, Missouri.[seven] [eight] His male parent is Tim Dorsey and his mother is Marcia (née Smith) Dorsey.[9] [10] [11] Jack Dorsey is partly of Italian descent on his mother'due south side.[12] His father worked for a company that adult mass spectrometers and his mother was a homemaker.[13] He was raised Catholic, and his uncle is a Catholic priest in Cincinnati.[14]

Dorsey attended Bishop DuBourg Loftier School. In his younger days, he worked occasionally as a fashion model.[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] Past age 14, he had become interested in acceleration routing. Dorsey enrolled at the University of Missouri–Rolla in 1995 and attended for two-plus years[14] before transferring to New York University in 1997, but he dropped out two years later,[20] one semester short of graduating.[14] He came up with the idea that somewhen became Twitter while studying at New York Academy.[14] [21]

While working on dispatching as a developer, Dorsey moved to California.[22] [23] In 2000, Dorsey started his company in Oakland to dispatch couriers, taxis, and emergency services from the Spider web.[24] His other projects and ideas at this fourth dimension included networks of medical devices and a "frictionless service marketplace".[24] In July 2000, building on dispatching[9] and inspired in part by LiveJournal and by AOL Instant Messenger, he had the thought for a Spider web-based realtime condition/brusk bulletin communication service.[24]

When he first saw implementations of instant messaging, Dorsey wondered whether the software's user status output could exist shared easily among friends.[nine] He approached Odeo, which at the time happened to be interested in text messaging.[9] Dorsey and Biz Stone decided that SMS text suited the status-message thought, and built a epitome of Twitter in about 2 weeks.[9] The thought attracted many users at Odeo and investment from Evan Williams,[9] a co-founder of that house in 2005 who had left Google after selling Pyra Labs and Blogger.

Career [edit]

Twitter [edit]

Noah Glass, Evan Williams, and Biz Stone co-founded Odeo, subsequently renamed Obvious Corporation, which then spun off Twitter, Inc. Dorsey became Twitter'south Chief Executive Officeholder (CEO).[9] [25] As CEO, Dorsey saw the startup through two rounds of funding by venture capitalists.[26] He reportedly lost his position for leaving work early to enjoy other pursuits, such every bit yoga and fashion design.[27]

Equally the service began to grow in popularity, Dorsey chose the improvement of uptime as meridian priority,[28] fifty-fifty over creating acquirement—which, as of 2008, Twitter was not designed to earn.[29] Dorsey described the commercial use of Twitter and its API as two things that could atomic number 82 to paid features.[29] His three guiding principles, which he says the company shares, are simplicity, constraint, and craftsmanship.[29]

On October 16, 2008,[thirty] Williams took over as CEO, while Dorsey became chairman of the board.[31] [32] During his time equally chairman, Dorsey joined several State Department delegations, including a trip to Iraq in April 2009, led by Jared Cohen.[33] [34] [35] In November, when Iranians took to the streets in the Green Revolution, Twitter was scheduled to carry maintenance of its site, which would entail temporarily shutting down Twitter'southward servers. Dorsey responded to a asking from Cohen to delay the maintenance so that information technology would not touch the revolution in Iran, considering Iranians were using Twitter to communicate and coordinate.[36] Since President Obama had appear that there would be no meddling in Islamic republic of iran, the motion sparked controversy.[37] [38] [39] In February 2010, Dorsey was role of another Country Section delegation, this time to Russia.[40] [41] On March 28, 2011, he returned to Twitter every bit executive chairman after Dick Costolo replaced Williams every bit CEO.[42] On June 10, 2015, Costolo announced his resignation equally CEO, effective July 1, 2015. Dorsey causeless the post of acting CEO upon Costolo's departure.[43] He was named permanent CEO on Oct 5, 2015.[44]

Dorsey and President Barack Obama at Twitter Town Hall in July 2011

In May 2016, Dorsey announced that Twitter would non count photos and links in the 140-character limit to free up more infinite for text. This was an attempt to entice new users, since the number of tweets per day had dropped from about 500 million in September 2013 and its superlative of 661 million in August 2014 to about 300 meg in Jan 2016.[45]

On Nov 22, 2016, Dorsey was briefly suspended from his own Twitter account with three.9 million followers. After restoring the account, Dorsey tweeted that the suspension was due to an "internal mistake".[46]

In February 2017, Dorsey and Executive Chairman Omid Kordestani matched a $530,000 donation to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) raised by Twitter staffers. Their friction match brought the total donation to $i.59 million.[47]

In March 2018, Dorsey announced that an improved version of the verification system would exist coming to Twitter. The purpose of redesigning verification was to let people verify more facts about themselves, emphasizing proof of identity.[48] The overhaul was not in place earlier the U.S midterm election of 2018 to aid in verifying the identities of the candidates.[49]

In September 2018, Dorsey testified before the Senate Intelligence Committee alongside Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg about meddling in the 2016 presidential election. Post-obit this testimony, Twitter shares cruel 6 percent.[l]

President Donald Trump with Dorsey in the Oval Role of the White Firm on Apr 23, 2019

Dorsey met privately with U.S. President Donald Trump at the White House and discussed Trump's concerns that Twitter had limited or removed some of his Twitter followers, and those of conservatives. After the coming together, Dorsey tweeted that their discussion included making Twitter "healthier and more ceremonious".[51] A week earlier, Dorsey took part in a TED talk well-nigh the social media platform's spread of abuse and misinformation, which has brought him criticism.[52]

On August xxx, 2019, Dorsey's personal Twitter account was allegedly breached for virtually an hour past a grouping calling itself the Chuckling Squad, posting and retweeting numerous racist tweets.[53] [54]

On October 23, 2019, Twitter's stock price brutal by nearly 24 percent, from $38.83 to $30.75. The reason was an earnings miss off a third quarter study, which Twitter blamed on ad targeting issues. Dorsey had been making a concerted endeavour to dampen the effect that Twitter had on political elections, which entailed banning all political ads. This was also seen as a big correspondent to the drop. Dorsey announced that, equally of Nov 22, 2019, Twitter would ban all political advertizing. The policy applies globally to all marketing campaigns near political issues.[55]

On Feb 29, 2020, it was announced[56] that activist hedge fund Elliott Direction led by billionaire Paul Vocaliser was looking to oust Dorsey and nominate four directors to Twitter'due south board, including Elliott's senior portfolio director Jesse Cohn.[57] The two parties reached an agreement days later, with Dorsey remaining CEO.[58] [59]

In Oct 2020, Dorsey was 1 of several tech business firm CEOs subpoenaed past the US Senate Commerce Committee. Republican Roger Wicker, who chairs the committee, led the charge to strength the CEOs of Twitter, Facebook and Google to show virtually the legal immunity the tech platforms receive under Section 230 of the Communications Human activity of 1996.[sixty]

He announced his deviation from the role of Twitter's CEO on November 29, 2021. His resignation was constructive immediately. Dorsey was replaced by the visitor's quondam CTO Parag Agrawal, who took over equally CEO effective immediately. Dorsey will go along to lead equally the CEO of Cake, Inc.[61] [62] [63] In May 2022, Dorsey left the lath of directors of the social network.[64]

In Oct 2022, Dorsey retained his two.4% ownership of Twitter when the company was sold to Elon Musk.[65]

Block [edit]

Dorsey, forth with co-founder Jim McKelvey, developed a modest business platform to have debit and credit card payments on a mobile device called Square, released in May 2010. The small, square-shaped device attaches to iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, or Android devices via the headphone jack, and as a mini card reader, allows a person to swipe their card, choose an amount to transfer to the recipient and and so sign their name for confirmation. Square is also a organisation for sending paperless receipts via text message or email, and is available as a free app for iOS and Android Os.[66] [67] The visitor grew from 10 employees in Dec 2009[68] to over 100 past June 2011. Square's office is on Market Street in San Francisco.[69] In September 2012, Business Insider magazine valued Square Inc. at Usa$3.2 billion.[lxx] Dorsey is CEO of Square, Inc.[71] On October 14, 2015, Square filed for an IPO to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange.[72] Equally of that date, Dorsey endemic 24.4 percent of the visitor.[73] In March 2020 the FDIC permitted Square to open a bank. It announced plans to launch Foursquare Financial Services in 2021.[74]

In May 2020, Dorsey announced that employees of Square would permanently get remote workers.[75]

In 2020, Square began withholding for months up to 30 percent of the funds that merchants collected from customers using its Cash App.[76]

On December 1, 2021, CEO Jack Dorsey officially changed the name of the platform to Block, Inc. This was due in function to his interest in the blockchain also as the new name encompassing the various businesses better than the electric current name, which is generally associated with its merchant-payment services. The stock ticker for Cake, Inc. would remain "SQ".[77]

Bluesky [edit]

Dorsey is a co-founder of Bluesky Social, a Twitter spin-off developing a decentralized social networking protocol and app.[78] [79]

Other projects [edit]

In 2013, Dorsey expressed to CNN an admiration for Michael Bloomberg,[fourscore] and said that he aspires to go mayor of New York City.[eighty] He served as a judge for Bloomberg'south NYC BigApps competition in 2011.[81]

On December 24, 2013, Dorsey was announced equally a new member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Visitor.[82] In January 2018, it was reported that Dorsey would non seek reelection at Disney'due south March annual coming together, due to increased difficulty with conflicts of interest.[83]

Dorsey is a board member of the Berggruen Institute's Governance Center.[2] Dorsey gives advice in a affiliate of Tim Ferriss' volume Tools of Titans.[84] [85] [86]

Dorsey is a song Bitcoin abet, and has spoken at Bitcoin conferences such as "The B Word". He has said that if he were not working on Twitter and Foursquare, he would be working on Bitcoin.[87]

He also endorses and financially supported the development of the Nostr social networking protocol.[88] [89]

Personal life [edit]

In 2012, Dorsey moved to the Sea Cliff neighborhood of San Francisco.[xc]

Meditation [edit]

In 2015, Dorsey said he began his mornings with meditation.[91] In late 2017, Dorsey completed 10 days of meditation known as Vipassanā taught by followers of South. N. Goenka.[92] [93] In November 2018, Dorsey went on a birthday Vipassanā meditation trip to Myanmar.[94]

Politics [edit]

In 2019, Dorsey contributed financially to the campaigns of Democratic 2020 presidential candidates Tulsi Gabbard and Andrew Yang.[95] In 2020, he donated $15 million to 29 mayors pursuing the piloting of guaranteed basic income programs in the United States.[96]

Until 2021, Dorsey applied "globe leader" exceptions that enabled President Donald Trump to post content on Twitter that would normally be removed or generate sanctions per the platform's rules. In May 2020, some of Trump'due south tweets received alert labels, and from Election Day in November 2020, more flaggings were practical to his tweets.[97] On January 6, 2021, after pro-Trump supporters stormed the U.Southward. Capitol, Twitter applied a 12-60 minutes timeout to Trump'south account for violating its Borough Integrity policy. Trump's account was suspended permanently on January 8.[98] On January fourteen, Dorsey defended banning Trump but likewise said it "sets a precedent I feel is unsafe".[99] On Nov 19, 2022, Twitter reinstated Trump's account following Elon Musk's purchase of the platform.[100]

Philanthropic and other donations [edit]

In March 2016, Dorsey fully funded about 600 Missouri public school projects registered at DonorsChoose.[101]

In October 2019, Dorsey donated $350,000 to #TeamTrees, a nonprofit started by YouTubers MrBeast and Marker Rober, that pledged to plant 20 million trees by the end of 2019.[102] [103]

On April 7, 2020, Dorsey appear that he would move virtually $i billion of his equity in Square, Inc., but under a third of his total wealth, to Start Small, LLC, and to relief programs related to the coronavirus.[104] [105] [106] He committed to funding COVID-19 relief, girls' education and health, and universal bones income.[107] Dorsey has donated $24 1000000 to over 40 dissimilar grantees for relief efforts.[108]

In August 2020, Dorsey donated $10 meg to Boston Academy's Center for Antiracist Research, founded past Ibram 10. Kendi.[109]

In May 2021, he donated $15 million to back up relief efforts in Republic of india'due south COVID-19 second wave. The iii NGOs were Care ($ten meg), Aid Bharat ($2.5 million), and Sewa International ($2.5 million).[110]

Awards and recognition [edit]

  • In 2008, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world nether the age of 35.[111]
  • In 2012, The Wall Street Journal gave him the "Innovator of the Year Award" for technology.[112] [113]
  • At the 5th Annual Crunchies Awards in 2012, hosted past TechCrunch, Dorsey was named Founder of the Twelvemonth.[114]
  • In 2013, he was considered past Forbes the world's near eligible bachelor.[115]
  • Dorsey was ranked by Pull a fast one on Business as the #4 Worst CEO of 2016, citing stagnant growth, falling stock prices, and his office-time delivery to Twitter.[116]
  • In 2017, 24/seven Wall St. listed Dorsey among the xx Worst CEOs in America.[117] [118]

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Further reading [edit]

  • Max, D. T. (October 21, 2013). "Two-hit wonder". Profiles. The New Yorker. Vol. 89, no. 33. pp. 48–59.

External links [edit]

  • Jack on Twitter
  • Jack Dorsey at IMDbEdit this at Wikidata
  • Jack Dorsey Corporate Bio at the Wayback Motorcar (archived June xviii, 2017)
Concern positions
Preceded by

Position established

Twitter CEO
2006–2008
Succeeded by

Evan Williams

Preceded by

Dick Costolo

Twitter CEO
2015–2021
Succeeded by

Parag Agrawal

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Dorsey

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